There is something special about the smells associated with cars - and not
just that new car smell, either. I make no pretense of being an expert on
what makes a car run or improves fuel efficiency. I do however, know what I
like and am presented with opportunities to create interesting stories that
intrigue and provoke thought. And those smells? Leather interiors; new
tires; gasoline; even malfunctioning catalytic converters. All part of
automotive DNA. So for me, it's all about the sum of the parts. Will this
vehicle get me from A to B; will I be comfortable; will the drive be
entertaining; and, most important of all, how easily and intuitively can I
link my smartphone via Bluetooth?

IMG_7912

ONTARIO – Canada – For several years now at least 40 or more weeks out of every 52, I arrange and drive a vehicle provided by an automotive manufacturer. Sounds pretty cool – and indeed it can be.

Vehicles of all sizes, all colours, some with three cylinders, occasionally a unicorn with 12.

Every vehicle driven, regardless of the manufacturer and the price point (price as tested) varies. One thing they have in common: they have been designed, engineered and built for a specific purpose. Extreme examples might only have a handful built for a discerning clientele.

In today’s markets, there is really no such thing as a “bad” car. Some may be considered “better” than others, but that might often be subjective.

Most are made for the masses. Some built one at a time in deliberate limited quantities to add to their cachet.

Beauty is invariably in the eye of the beholder.

That being said, the car I returned earlier to Volkswagen Canada, the 2016 Volkswagen Beetle Dune is one which, to date, registered more obvious double takes and admiring glances from pedestrians and other drivers on the road than anything I have driven worth 10 times more.

Introduced to an eager German buying public before the Second World War, <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/volkswagens-beetle-is-back/">the Beetle has a long history</a> in the automotive world.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/2015-mini-countryman-all4-review/">2015 MINI Countryman ALL4 Review</a></blockquote>
In fact, as a young child in Scotland, Mum and Dad owned a 1963 green/turquoise rear-engine beast that transported six of us – me, three siblings and my parents to Normandy in France and the small town of Houlgate, from Glasgow Scotland complete with a huge tent, provisions and clothing for a full two weeks camping abroad. To this day, I still marvel how we accomplished this feat, but indeed we did. A tale for another time.

My memories of the car are still quite fond and when I picked up the Dune from VW headquarters in Ajax, Ontario, they came flooding back.

Much has changed since that memorable road trip all those years ago: some things, not so much. The engine has moved and the back seat is still as cramped as I recall. We actually stored canned goods under the rear seat to cross the English Channel!

Designed to pay homage to the classic Baja Bug racers that became a pop culture icon in the 1960s, the 2016 Beetle Dune is one of the first VWs to get the new MIB II infotainment system, including navigation in this version thanks to the technology package, that finally adds a USB port instead of a proprietary device connection, along with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capability.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/05092510/20160626_100601_resized.jpg" alt="beetle dune" />

Here’s the thing: overall, it's a fun car to drive, and just as much fun to be seen in as witnessed by many enormous grins and thumbs up received while driving around. The styling is, to say the least, iconic. In fact, from a design perspective, the 2016 Beetle Dune has a slightly wider stance and elevated ride-height compared with other Beetles, and the inclusion of one or two off-road-inspired touches, such as a huge, maw-like air intake below the front bumper. This Dune also stood out because of its exterior Sandstorm Yellow paint that carries through to the relatively sparse, yet practical interior, a black honeycomb front grille, and a unique wheel design. For such a small car, the interior, from the driver’s seat feels roomy with a great deal of available light, thanks in no small part to the large front windscreen and the panoramic power sunroof. Visibility is, to say the least, excellent.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/05092525/20160626_100925_resized.jpg" alt="beetle dune" />

The Beetle Dune remains front-wheel drive and otherwise mechanically identical to the Beetle 1.8T. The turbo (TSi) four-cylinder engine makes 170 horsepower and 184 pounds-feet of torque sent to a six-speed automatic transmission.

In spite of name and appearances, taking this auto off road or even onto a beach may present more issues than it’s worth, so stick to the road and enjoy it for what it is: a reasonably comfortable, funky-looking car – with one heck of a heritage.

Talking of roads, the Dune drives quite well. The suspension does a great job of absorbing road irregularities, and manages to provide a reasonably smooth ride. Despite the raised suspension, in corners or under severe maneuvering conditions, body roll is minimal, and the car feels planted – like the slot car it resembles! The 1.8T engine performs well at low engine speeds and propels this Bug with ease. The automatic transmission shifts quickly and when in sport mode could be almost mistaken for a more expensive dual-clutch transmission (DCT). Cabin noise at highway speeds is a little harsh, but after an hour or two behind the wheel, it blends into the background – thankfully.

As I said, an overall pleasing package. Some nice touches with the inclusion of the technology package. Overall, this creates a general impression of a car punching above its weight. That’s good. From a pricing point of view, competition in the just under $30,000 mark is huge, however, and therein lies the rub.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/a-mothers-day-story-in-a-volkswagen-beetle/">A Mother’s Day story in a Volkswagen Beetle</a></blockquote>
Here come the “I-loved-it-but…” moment.

Regardless, the choice anyone makes in any vehicle invariably is subjective. While it’s unlikely you will get whiplash counting Dunes on the highway this summer, those behind the wheel are no doubt enjoying themselves – and that’s a great part of any driving experience.

While I really liked my time behind the wheel, there were occasions when I felt the car, although there are few complaints (save for terrible reception on the AM band via the Fender Premium Audio System and a “buzzing” speaker) may well be perceived as a novelty vehicle – which would be unfair. It does have much going for it.

Perhaps it was the colour? It is also available in a Deep Black Pearl or Pure White, but then it might be mistaken for a mobile Darth Vader or an Imperial Storm Trooper!

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/05092531/IMG_7919.jpg" alt="beetle dune" />

Drive it for yourself and make your own determination. The overall attributes of the engineering may well be sufficient to make its own case. And let’s face it, since the world first saw these cars over 80 years ago, there has always been an emotional attachment to this quirky-looking auto. After all, you do not sell more than 20 million plus units worldwide of any automobile without there being something of substance that continues to compel ownership.

2016 Volkswagen Beetle Dune – with the technology package (includes: blind spot detection; 6.33" touchscreen infotainment system with proximity sensor, CD player, satellite navigation and two SD card slots; and, Fender® Premium Audio System – 8 speakers plus subwoofer).
<blockquote>RELATED REVIEW: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/the-mini-clubman-grows-up/">The MINI Clubman grows up</a></blockquote>
BODY STYLE: Two-door coupe.

DRIVE METHOD: Front-engine, six-speed automatic transmission with Tiptronic.

ENGINE: 1.8-litre DOHC turbocharged, intercooled four cylinder engine (170 horsepower, 180 lb.-ft. of torque).

CARGO CAPACITY: 15.4 cu ft., 50/50 split, rear folding seats.

FUEL ECONOMY: 87-octane fuel is recommended: 9.6/7.0L/100 km (city/highway).

PRICE: $28,560 as tested. Freight and PDI – $ 1,605; Excise tax on A/C – $100. HST extra.

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2016 Volkswagen Beetle Dune: An icon that just will not quit 

shutterstock_199867328

TORONTO, Ontario – Pop quiz: if you were to be asked directly what you believe is the (single) greatest cost of ownership of a vehicle is, how do you believe you would respond? Fuel? Insurance? Monthly payments? All reasonable answers, to be sure. All involving actual dollars and cents.

Would you have considered depreciation?

Recently we sat down with Brian Murphy, Vice President Research and Editorial of <a href="http://www.canadianblackbook.com" target="_blank">Canadian Black Book (CBB)</a>, an organization with a 50 plus years history as a viable, meaningful and trusted resource for vehicle values and additional value solutions for consumers, automotive dealers and resellers, banks, insurer and other appropriate industry sectors.

Earlier this year in conjunction with pollsters Ipsos Reid, CBB conducted a far-reaching survey they dubbed, “Drivers of Automotive Values Poll”. With a relatively high sampling of 1,004 respondents from across this country, the reach and success from an information and statistical data standpoint is such that the intent would be to continue with this poll on an annual basis.

Some of the results, although surprising, proved statistically accurate due to the size of the sampling model.

Going back to the question on the table for a moment. For this one question, 29% stated gas/fuel, while 33%, that’s fully one third, responded with insurance.

The correct answer is… depreciation.

Would you be surprised that only 1% of all respondents correctly identified this as being the greatest cost of vehicle ownership?

Chances are that the majority of polled individuals would now, after the fact, likely proclaim, “Right!” with a resounding slap of “I-should-have-known-that” to the forehead.

Murphy, was not astounded. Surprised, perhaps, but not unexpected. ”That one answer tells us clearly that there is a disconnect, a perceived information gap where most buyers of new cars seem to be making the wrong assumptions on the types of expenses that have the greatest impact on the <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/tco/">actual cost of owning a vehicle</a>.”

To CBB this reinforces their opinion that they can, and must do better as that trusted resource for consumers – become top of mind – and not necessarily an afterthought.

“With that one answer, 90% of Canadian drivers failed to identify the single greatest cost of vehicle ownership. 90%. Within the 18-34 year old demographic a resounding zero percent (0%) selected depreciation while 76% incorrectly believed that gas/fuel is the single largest expense.”

How did this come about?

CBB wanted to take the pulse of the buying public and determine if, at a time when the sale of new vehicles was hitting all-time peaks in this country: would the upward trend continue?

The results and conclusions from this deep poll revealed an affirmative response. According to Murphy, it would appear that the trend for sales will continue across the board. “In fact,” he stated, “there appears to be a pent-up demand on the horizon for Canada’s new and even the pre-owned vehicle market.”

As a result of their research, fully 50% of Canadians say that they are “likely” (that’s 21% very likely and 29% somewhat likely) to buy a brand new or used auto at some point over the next 18 months. Great news to auto manufacturers, dealerships and independent shops – to say nothing about the broad smiles on the faces of ancillary business, such as all manner of garages offering maintenance and service, tire and oil change outlets, part stores – you name it; if there is a connection to the automotive sector, they stand to see their business pick up.

Surprisingly, it would appear that millennials appear to have a greater desire to purchase than most: six in 10 Canadians aged 18 – 34 will be prowling dealerships, web sites and want ads, eager to part with their hard-earned money for some form of personal transport. Yet, within this same demo, 80% have never experienced the trade-in process first hand.

In fact, in spite of available on-line resources from CBB and others, Canadians would appear to be ill-informed about the potential value of their trade (if, in fact they have a car to trade against). This far-reaching poll demonstrated that 82% believe that they, as consumers, are on their own when the time comes to trade: they are unaware that this information is readily available and is not, as imagined, available only to dealerships on a proprietary basis who use this data to take advantage of consumers come trade in time.

Consequently, since most believe that the information flow is one-sided, 33% of Canadians have a hard time accepting any dealers’ evaluation of their vehicle when offered for trade in.

This results of this poll are, to Murphy and his team, not surprising. Respondents recognize that the availability of comprehensive data on buying and selling automobiles from a source such as <a href="http://www.canadianblackbook.com/" target="_blank">CBB</a> makes infinite sense.

There are still, 50 years later, some obvious “disconnects”.

Let’s come back to depreciation. You proudly ink a deal to purchase a car with a MSRP of, say, $40,000. In the very first year of ownership, that magnificent steel, vinyl, rubber, and carbon fibre machine will lose, or cost you $16,000 in actual depreciation. That’s $16,000 off the actual value of that auto. Almost $44 a day. Subsequent years see that number reduced to $10 per day.

Murphy concedes that it’s entirely possible that the key factor when making a new vehicle purchase has less to do with the end value of any car – than the affordable monthly payment. Show most consumers an impossibly low financing rate over a barely acceptable time frame and that’s where the so-called magic number may well lie – not 40% shaved off their chariot’s value almost as soon as they hit a municipality’s road after driving off a lot.

Murphy and Canadian Black Book would much prefer that Canadians be more realistic in purchasing a new or pre-owned automobile.

“They need to be better prepared, be better educated in the ways of auto purchases and financing – all sides. And that’s a job for us here at CBB. Life generally would be so much better if consumers were better informed. Let’s look to next year for a change in the overall result: let’s see if Canadians will become more aware.”

Poll Results:

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081316/GreatestCostOfOwnership.jpg" alt="cbb" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081322/HaveTradedIn_age.jpg" alt="trade in age" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081326/HaveTradedIn_Income.jpg" alt="trade in income" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081518/LikelyToBuy.jpg" alt="ownership" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081340/LikelyToBuy_age.jpg" alt="buy age" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/24081439/ToolsToMaxTrad-in.jpg" alt="trade in" />

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Check out our new <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/tco/">Total Cost of Ownership Tool</a>

What is the greatest cost of auto ownership?

IMG_7894

ONTARIO – Canada – It would appear that most car buying consumers have not allowed themselves to get bogged down in the apparent minutia of what has become known as <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/vw-canada-vows-to-clean-up-the-diesel-scandal/">“Dieselgate”</a>.

Say what? That’s my point. Just to refresh your memory, on September 18, 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German automaker the Volkswagen Group after it was found that Volkswagen had intentionally programmed turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engines to activate certain emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing.

In other words, they were not necessarily as green or eco-minded as was thought.

The brouhaha, righteous indignation and initial fall out from this was great, and, to a limited extent, continues to this day. But it’s likely not “fuelled” by consumers who had purchased VWs or even Audis with the affected engines. Like many things, it appears to be a media driven phenomenon.

Yes, Volkswagen Group, did deceive – but it’s not as if this was the very first time a major auto manufacturer has been caught with their hand surreptitiously under the hood. In 1973, Chrysler, Ford, Toyota and GM were caught. GM again in 1996 – even Honda in 1998. There is an extensive list which continues to this day where manufacturers have deceived and even knowingly fudged results.

The thing is, VW were caught. Not denied. They fessed up and will take full responsibility.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/vw-canada-vows-to-clean-up-the-diesel-scandal/">VW Canada vows to clean up the diesel scandal </a></blockquote>
Chances are, others will find themselves in situations where they, too are hauled up on the carpet.

But now it’s time to move on.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/23094605/IMG_7891.jpg" alt="golf r" />

A few weeks after the EPA announcement, the <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/honda-civic-wins-canadian-car-of-the-year-mazda-cx-3-takes-utility-vehicle-crown/">Automobile Journalists Association of Canada held its annual Car of the Year competition</a> in and around Clarington, Ontario. On November 24, at the preliminary awards ceremony, Volkswagen, specifically the Golf R, was announced as the winner in the category of Best New Sports/Performance vehicle under $50K.

Many of Canada’s top automotive writers had tested this vehicle, back to back against the entered competition and considered this car to be the winner.

Objectivity reigns.

Now more than six months later, we decided to take the 2016 Golf R for a week-long test and see how it fares. Will it still stack up? Is it relevant?

The quick answers to both questions are, “Yes!”
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/ten-classic-hot-hatchbacks-that-started-it-all/">Ten classic Hot Hatchbacks that started it all</a></blockquote>
After a week and some 800 plus kilometres, the Golf R in red – Tornado Red, that is, acquitted itself admirably. Gas (premium) consumption in a combination of city and highway driving was a more than respectable 7.1L/100km – not bad at all considering the 2.0L turbocharged 4-cylinder engine generates 292hp and 280lb.-ft of torque. Further, our test vehicle was equipped with a highly-commendable 6-speed automatic transmission – Direkt Schalt Getriebe in German, however the acceptable acronym, DSG defines this terrific dual clutch, six-speed automatic transmission and VW’s 4Motion (all-wheel-drive system). Interesting note, the DSG transmission yields marginally better fuel economy than the sports enthusiast manual transmission and believe me, shifts up and down at speed with the DSG system are smooth, flawless and intuitive.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/23094558/Fuel-consumption.jpg" alt="vw golf r" />

Acceleration off a highway on (or off) ramp elicited more than a few smiles as this grounded hatchback held the blacktop as if it was a slot car: the 19” alloy wheels shoed with performance rubber handled cambered, long slow turns left or right with deft precision.

Not only at speed was this car pleasing. In every situation I found myself, such us picking up groceries; running errands, zipping along country roads, this vehicle performed very well, did everything asked of it – and always gave the impression that it can and will do better; particularly as the driver becomes more attuned to this performance auto.
<blockquote>COMPETITION: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/preview-ford-focus-rs-a-wicked-hot-hatch/">Preview: Ford Focus RS a wicked hot hatch</a></blockquote>
Is this car a chameleon? Can it be a family vehicle? A performance auto? A daily commuter. The easy answer is yes, of course. But you can say this with confidence without any winking to an audience. Seriously. The car is that good as an all-round car.

Did I mention what happens when you take the R out of Normal driving mode and place it into Race mode? Dr. Jekyll, meet Mr. Hyde. The overall difference is huge. Everything is tighter. Shifts while still quick-as-a-flash, occur at higher revs. The engine noise is quite lovely, thank you, further enhanced by augmented sounds coming through the vehicle’s Fender-powered audio system. Is it really necessary? Of course not and likely it will become tiresome.

Same thing with the interior: black has never been better represented. Everything is cold, stark and black – until you drive around at night and then there are some cool interior subtle lighting accents in blue that add additional vibrancy to an otherwise delightful ride.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/23094601/IMG_7888.jpg" alt="golf r" />

Everything is in easy reach: the 12-way power adjustable driver’s seat well-upholstered and clad in Vienna leather; multiple “nanny” systems; connectivity; navigation, entertainment system; dual zone auto climate control; and, dynamic chassis and electronic stability control. However, it‘s the price tag that sends this car, this Volkswagen into unfamiliar territory – for some. As tested, with the optional Technology Package, this car had an MSRP of $43,410 – before freight, PDI and all applicable taxes. Then the tale of the money tape is a little different.

On the face of it, justifying the price tag for a Volkswagen is a challenge. Until you slide behind the wheel. At night. Your favourite music streaming flawlessly from your Android or Apple device. Then, engage Race mode and pull away from the curb.

It comes down to personal preference, plain and simple. If you enjoy the experience of driving, be my guest.

You’re quite welcome.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/23094615/IMG_7900.jpg" alt="golf r" />
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/top-five-hot-hatchbacks/">Five of the best Hot Hatchbacks on the market today</a></blockquote>
2016 Volkswagen Golf R – with DSG and the Technology package

BODY STYLE: Five-door hatchback.

DRIVE METHOD: Front-engine, with VW 4Motion (all-wheel-drive).

ENGINE: 2.0-litre turbocharged four cylinder engine (292 horsepower, 280 lb.-ft. of torque).

CARGO CAPACITY: A total of 343 litres (13.7 cu ft.)

FUEL ECONOMY: 91-octane fuel is recommended (premium) 10.7/7.8L/100 km (city/highway).

PRICE: $43,410. Freight and PDI – $ 1,605; Excise tax on A/C – $100. HST extra.

2016 VW Golf R - A red rocket for every occasion?

IMG_7836

TORONTO, Ontario – While temperatures were inexorably climbing higher as the blazing sun rose in the blue skies over a concrete, steel and glass forest of prime, branded real estate along the fashionable “Mink Mile” on Toronto’s Bloor Street, closed to vehicular traffic between Bay and Avenue Road, disciples of supercars and all manner of exotic vehicles descended on the area with one common purpose: to view some very expensive, in some cases exclusive, automobiles that more than 95% would likely never have an opportunity to either drive, let alone possess the pink slip.

But it did not matter.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/preview-lamborghini-huracan-spyder-built-to-be-seen-and-heard/">Preview: Lamborghini Huracan Spyder built to be seen and heard</a></blockquote>
On this day, everyone was a weekend millionaire. With no admission fee, visitors, for the sixth successive year, were being asked to donate a Loonie or two into donation barrels located along the closed off street, with all proceeds going towards helping to fund <a href="http://www.prostatecancer.ca" target="_blank">Prostate Cancer Canada</a> and their research.
<div class="quote-text">

On this day, everyone was a weekend millionaire."

</div>
Phil Downe is the Chairman and Founder of this particular show and along with an executive team of car aficionados and many volunteers have worked tirelessly since 2010 in bringing this popular event to the city thanks to the corporate sponsorship of Bloor-Yorkville Business Improvement Area, Acura and the generosity of numerous organizations who have given of their resources and personnel to ensure this year’s event is the best ever.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22100246/IMG_7851.jpg" alt="yorkville nsx" />

With well over 120 gleaming examples of European and a few Asian automobiles on display in 11 unique, velvet-roped “corrals”, enthusiasts had an opportunity to view and lust after first-hand the debut of “LaFerrari”, the newest sports supercar from luxury Italian manufacturer Ferrari, valued at over 2 million dollars. North America was well-represented with classic, vintage and current Corvette Stingrays as well as Mustangs and Shelbys also held court.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22100539/corvette-tych.jpg" alt="corvette tych" />

Car enthusiasts from all over, of all ages and disparate demographics, became one seething organic mass of humanity, held together by sweat, cotton and linen emblazoned with logos of the 1%. Other highlights included the 2017 Acura NSX, a Lamborghini Aventador, an Aston Martin Vanquish, an iconic 1965 Shelby Cobra, a Porsche 911 GT3 RS and the new 2016 Mustang Shelby 350GT.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22100033/IMG_7872.jpg" alt="yorkville exotic show" />

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22100733/lambo-tych.jpg" alt="yorkville exotic aventador" />
<div class="quote-text">

Car enthusiasts from all over, of all ages and disparate demographics, became one seething organic mass of humanity"

</div>
Not all cars were the latest and greatest. Some, not too many, could be deemed classics, Heritage vehicles. Something for everyone. No matter how diverse.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/8-lamborghinis-you-didnt-even-know-existed/">8 Lamborghini's you didn't even know existed</a></blockquote>
It seemed by way of observation that there was a split in loyalty over these multiple displays of expensive performance models. There were absolutely favourite corrals – depending on whether you leaned toward Corvettes, Porsches, Ferraris, <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/lamborghini-huracan-lp-580-2-provides-loads-of-tail-happy-fun/">Lamborghinis</a> or <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/aston-martin-db11-design-award/">Aston Martins</a>. Even an all-black <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/preview-gt-r-gets-more-civilized/">Godzilla (Nissan GT-R)</a> was on display, drawing appreciative nods and knowing looks from young video game fans.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22101627/356-tych.jpg" alt="porsche 356" />

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22101734/911-tych.jpg" alt="911 yorkville" />

This crowd of enthusiasts was as diverse and different as those who might attend a more traditional, <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/gravenhurst-car-show-classic-automobiles-by-the-lake/">classic car show</a>. While there was a distinct feeling of affluence from the crowd thanks to skinny jeans, impossible heels, immaculate make up, jewelry, manicures and, perfectly coiffed hair there was an equal amount of enthusiasts – individuals who appreciate when design and engineering meet with impossible cars but dressed in 501s and vintage t-shirts. But appearances do not diminish from the enthusiasm and knowledge of many in the crowd.

Young males with impossibly clipped and sculpted designer stubble would lean into their female companion and whisper about the vehicle laid before them. Every nuance. Every statistic. Every piece of information was known – and was to be shared.

Not to be outdone, there were also women in attendance who were there because they loved fast, powerful, shapely vehicles – many identified with the European brands and could recite from rote tidbits of information engineers had long forgotten.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/lamborghini-unveils-huracan-special-edition/">Lamborghini unveils Huracan special edition</a></blockquote>
In spite of the heat, the mood was upbeat. Some fans found the heat a little much and were taken to a shaded area in the doorway of a marqued store they might never under normal circumstances enter, but relief in the shade was the coin of this realm, on this day. Coupons were being distributed for free sno-cones, bottled water sales had likely never done so well.

At this show for the vast majority of the vehicles, fans were not able to get up close and too personal with their favourite autos. Parked in the aforementioned corrals, fans had a velvet barrier before and between them so the often much-loved tactile approach of other car shows was not there – given the collective value of the vehicles on display, the natural heat-infused enthusiasm of the punters, it’s not really that surprising. Nothing seemed to dim the enthusiasm of visitors who would often take multiple selfies, in full duck-face pout in front of some hot, exotic vehicle to be shared via Snapchat to adoring fans the city over.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22102120/IMG_7839.jpg" alt="rolls royce" />

Not having experienced this particular show personally before, early on in the proceedings I was impressed with the systematic fashion the ever-increasing throng maneuvered the exhibits, in an orderly, follow-the-oval route. As the afternoon progressed, however, all bets were off and the crowd seemed to move like a murder of starlings, as a large group with no real direction or purpose – other than to test the resilience of the “rope” and paid security.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22102239/mclaren-isetta-tych.jpg" alt="mclaren" />

The day, and the occasion won, however and humour and attitude remained positive.

One young child, apparently all of three years old was overheard telling his Mother that “this” car, a <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/lamborghini-huracan-lp-580-2-provides-loads-of-tail-happy-fun/">Lamborghini</a> a stubby finger pointed at it, was his personal favourite. Three years old. He even named the supercar. His Mother asked how he knew this. Had he seen a photograph, a poster perhaps, had he overheard a snippet of a conversation from a fan? No. Seems he was familiar with the shape. His father, it turned out, would share his passion for automobiles and read him to sleep from car magazines that he subscribed, pointing out glossy photographs until the familiar head-nod of fatigue won over and junior would fall asleep.

Dad, meantime would remain on the bed, with his son, day dreaming about an opportunity to take one of his beloved Italian supercars for a drive.

That would be the perfect Father’s Day gift. One day, his son might just surprise him.

Exotic Cars raise funds for Prostate Cancer Canada research

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GRAVENHURST, Ontario – Under a clear blue virtually cloudless sky, <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/gravenhurst-car-show-this-saturday/">the 23rd Annual Gravenhurst Car Show </a>silently opened for exhibitors just before 6.30am on Saturday, June 18, 2016.

Billed as the largest car show in northern Ontario, spokesperson Tara Doyle of the Gravenhurst Chamber of Commerce and a crew of way-too-many-to-mention have been planning this event with their main sponsors: Canadian Tire, Gravenhurst; Wayne’s Tire Discounters; and, Sawdust City Brewing Company since the day after last year’s event ended.

In a slow procession of some of the finest examples of sheet metal ever built in Detroit – even Canada – cars and light trucks of virtually every colour imaginable made their way in an orderly fashion into Gull Lake Rotary Park and staked out their places within the park, guided by enthusiastic volunteers, car people much like themselves who shared tales with one another as the long, hot day progressed.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/2016-georgian-college-auto-show-driving-innovation-forward/">2016 Georgian Auto Show - Driving Innovation Forward</a></blockquote>
Some vehicles were original equipment, lovingly and painstakingly restored to perfection: others modified within an inch of their lives, showcasing raw, brute power with modified air intakes and manifolds, carburetors (remember them?) and enough glistening, fingerprint-free chrome to blind passersby.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22081024/IMG_7779.jpg" alt="gravenhurst car show" />

9.00am was the official opening, but a few excited individuals managed to enter a little early, flitting from car to car like a June bug in its final hours, on a mission to see, touch and yes, even smell everything parked on newly-clipped grass. Then they would start again. Even as the day progressed, straggler exhibitors continued to drive to designated areas to park, place a descriptive card on the front windshield and prepare for the guaranteed onslaught of admirers and a barrage of questions. Inevitably, over the course of the day, questions and yes, even answers would be repeated. But it did not matter. This was a fun day for all – regardless of age – adults and kids alike reveled in the occasion.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22082633/IMG_7689.jpg" alt="gravenhurst" />

Power and precision was on display, mostly driven, some trailered, from all across Ontario to attend this yearly occasion. It’s a time when enthusiasts, fan boys, gear heads, families and folks who just plain like and appreciate cars gathered for a few hours to admire, lovingly caress baking hot shaped steel, endure the sweltering heat and humidity of the day and the occasional whiff of racing fuel. The conversation was pretty much all about automobiles. And memories. Many of the vehicles exhibited managed to evoke distant recollections for a few. All pleasant. Some funny. Some revealing. All about cars and light trucks.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22081355/truck-tych.jpg" alt="car show" />

To this seething throng of enthusiasts and aficionados, there was no such thing as a bad exhibit. Sure, some were more popular than others, but that seemed to depend on the passing demographic; one moment a 1960 Cadillac Coupe de Ville was admired by unblinking eyes, each person turning to their companion – or even a fellow fan, and speaking softly about their obvious reverence for craftsmanship. Then a tricked out low-running customized GMC pick-up would slowly rumble by with a low, “look-at-me” paint job. This, these, were all cool. Back then, life – everything was simpler. Computers were not as prevalent under the hood as today’s technology-oriented machines. Nanny features were not even invented, never mind a consideration. Designers and engineers barely spoke or truly collaborated and everything was bigger, better, stronger and angular. Cars were often given names by their owners. Mostly women’s names. That’s just the way that it was.
<blockquote>ALSO READ:<a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/fleetwood-cruize-in-just-keeps-getting-better/"> Fleetwood Cruize-in just keeps getting better</a></blockquote>
The majority of the tons of metal spread over acres of prime parkland on the edge of a lake in the Muskoka region were 25 years of age – mostly older. Many sported Heritage plates. Most were in running order and were absolutely roadworthy. Proud owners would sit in a borrowed slice of shade and talk with great affection about the loves of their lives. Most male owners, wives and significant others did not seem to mind.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22082817/IMG_7744.jpg" alt="gravenhurst car show" />

This was not an exhibition of testosterone and machismo.

This was about appreciation. About camaraderie. Some owners considered other exhibitors as their friends. Many travel a summer show circuit. While there may be competitions at each show, this is not where ribbons, plaques and cups hold much significance. Although, truth be told, winning is never scorned.

We had an opportunity to chat with a couple of exhibitors, gentlemen who loved cars and who had brought their own to show, more as an opportunity to share.
<div class="quote-text">

For years, Len Kwint was a three-pack a day smoker. A terrible habit and one he was prepared to sacrifice for one thing: buying a special car for his wife’s 50th birthday."

</div>
For years, Len Kwint was a three-pack a day smoker. A terrible habit and one he was prepared to sacrifice for one thing: buying a special car for his wife’s 50th birthday. Like many a classic car devotee, he had his eyes on something special; a 1958 Chevrolet Impala. After years of sacrifice and saving, he was finally able to purchase that car from a fellow in Sarnia back in 1992. Immaculate and restored to all its original glory, this auto is loving testament to Detroit’s finest. Gleaming chrome, perfect black paint, a true Nevada car if ever there was one. Over the years, he has done nothing further to the car – other than maintain and regularly wash and wax it. It takes pride of place beside his other treasure – a 1938 Chevy pickup.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22083258/impala-tych.jpg" alt="impala" />
<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22083850/impala-interior-tych.jpg" alt="impala interior" />

If we thought that Kwint was “driven”, he paled when compared to Marco D’Angelo an avid enthusiast of 1959 Cadillacs – especially, Coupe DeVilles. He and his father, Giovanni, had driven down three of their collection from Orillia to show them to an appreciative and often very knowledgeable crowd. Their crown jewel was a gorgeous red drop top that seemed to be the size of a battle cruiser – it was enormous, but it was absolutely immaculate in every detail. Seems he had only owned this beauty for a month. He had, however, been politely talking with the original owner from Welland for more than 30 years until one day, during one of his regular “just-staying-in-touch” semiannual phone calls, the owner relented – and a deal was made.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/22082027/cad-tych.jpg" alt="cadillac coupe deville" />

The moral of this? Never underestimate the tenacity and passion a true heritage car owner has for their vehicles. For Kwint, it was all about Chevys; for D’Angelo, it was ’59 Caddys. Both men knew exactly what they wanted and were prepared to wait until the day arrived when they could lay claim to their vehicles’ title.
<div class="quote-text">

Cadillacs are my thing. This is what I live for"

</div>
As D’Angelo put it, “I don’t drink, never smoked, have no time for gambling – Cadillacs are my thing. This is what I live for. That and spending time with my Dad – happy Father’s Day, Pops!” he leaned over to Giovanni and smiled broadly, a sentiment that was shared.

Classic cars. Heritage vehicles: regardless of the nomenclature, it becomes a family tradition. It’s in your blood. Part of your DNA. And in some cases, it’s a love rooted in the soul.
<blockquote>ALSO READ:<a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/eye-candy-one-of-those-good-studebakers/">Eye Candy: ‘One of those good Studebakers’</a></blockquote>

Gravenhurst Car Show - Classic automobiles by the lake

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BARRIE, Ontario – Every year, usually one of the first summer events of the season occurs on the grounds of Georgian College. It’s the Georgian Auto Show, the largest outdoor, student-run auto show in North America.

Organized and run by students within the college’s Automotive Business School of Canada, (ABSC) this is an opportunity for the general public to attend a bona fide showcase of many of the latest and greatest vehicles brought to the event by the majority of major auto manufacturers in Canada. With upwards of 11,000 visitors experiencing a no-pressure, sales free environment, the walk through the expansive area is devoid of tactics and ploys to either draw you closer – or even scare you off.

There are no “what-do-I-have-to-do-to-put-you-in-this-car?” sales people. None. Instead, the manufacturers have students operate as brand ambassadors. Their role is to inform – not sell. They have attended product learning sessions in advance so they are as familiar as possible with the marques they represent under the branded canvas. If they do not have an answer to a specific question, they will find out for you and communicate the response after the fact.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14110034/IMG_76781.jpg" alt="mazda cx9" />

From Friday, June 3 to Sunday, June 5, close to 200 eager student volunteers were present, working every area of this sprawling event, interacting with the public in every role imaginable. Manning manufacturer tents; assisting with special attractions, including the Plug ‘n Drive Experience and the Pfaff Porsche autocross; selling tickets; culinary students assisting with the food preparation; acting as willing guides to consumers who were looking for something specific; and, running a live auction, involving all donated merchandise. A portion of the proceeds from this auction go toward scholarships for students attending ABSC.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/georgian-college-puts-students-in-the-drivers-seat/">Georgian College puts students in the driver’s seat</a></blockquote>
As much as anything, the environment for three days is a unique venue for students to network and interact with automotive dealers, some of the manufacturers and of course, car enthusiasts.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14110444/IMG_76851.jpg" alt="georgian" />

An event of this scope does not happen overnight. While there is much information that might be gleaned from 31 of these shows since 1985, every year, there is usually something unique and, of course challenging. This is an excellent proving ground for all students who participate. To be clear, planning these days for this show begins in October. At that time, five students from the ABSC diploma and degree programmes are brought in as members of the overall organizing committee. Each of these five full-time students assumes a role – as if they were working in a company involved in the planning and presentation of a three-day event. For 2016, those members were Chris Anderson, Student Director – Marketing and Media Relations; Binay Batra, Student Director – Site Management and Logistics; Josie Duguay, Student Director – Student Experience; Tristan Chalifoux-Lemarche, Student Director – Customer Experience ; and Marcus Sisconetto, Student Director – Performance and Sponsorship.

Bear in mind, each of these five individuals is also carrying a full course load in addition to performing their individual assignments. To be clear, these students are compensated for all the work they do for this huge event: there is a clear understanding that their involvement cannot have any adverse effects on their gaining either their diploma or degree. They are expected to perform their duties individually – and also as a team. While holding one of these five positions looks great on a resume, there are no safety nets – just like the real world. They willingly assume the responsibility and accountability which comes with the position. After all, the show cannot be postponed if someone does not fulfill their appropriate task.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14100746/IMG_7686.jpg" alt="georgian auto show" />

Just like the real world which some will enter sooner than later, the training and life experience this show provides is unique. There are many people who rely on the event running smoothly from the 200 or so students involved in every facet of this experience, easy to recognize by their branded polo shirts and to the dealers and manufacturers who between them contribute 222 different current automobiles with a retail value of close to $12 million. Nothing is left to chance.

This year the theme determined by the students for the show was “Driving Innovation Forward” – reflecting the ever-changing and evolving automotive industry juxtaposed against the forward-thinking ABSC.

Some of the shows highlights included the popular and returning Pfaff Porsche autocross track; those that had not had a large meal beforehand, would buy a ticket for the experience of a lifetime – to ride shotgun in a powerful sports performance Porsche, as an experienced driver launched one of two alternating Porsche 911 Caymans through and around a pylon-marked course which was constantly hosed down by firefighters from Barrie’s fire department. For some, the longest two minutes or so of their lives, for others… well, let’s just say they went back in line and bought another ticket.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14100657/IMG_7656.jpg" alt="cayman autocross" />

Another popular and timely exhibit was the Plug ‘n Drive Experience. In an area separate from the actual show, Georgian has a couple of charging stations. In this parking area was a Tesla; a Ford Fusion; a Ford C-Max and Ford Focus; a Mitsubishi i-miev; a Nissan Leaf, a BMW 1-3, a Chevrolet Volt; and last but not least, a funky-looking red and black Kia Soul. An excellent cross section of either all electric vehicles (BEV), plug in hybrids (PHEVs) and extended range EVs with back up gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines. Consumers had an opportunity to take a spin behind the wheel with a brand ambassador who could explain the basics on how the vehicle they drove in performed.

It was at this stand that a conversation was overheard between an older couple with an ambassador beside the Soul. Paraphrased for brevity.

Wife: “So you could still work on this in your garage?”

Husband: “Yup, course I could. How hard could it be to change the oil on this small car?”

Ambassador: “Pardon me… that would be impossible – there is no engine as you know it and this vehicle does not require an oil change. Ever. It runs on electricity…”
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/pottery-student-now-sculpts-car-designs-for-gm/">Pottery student now sculpts clay models for GM</a></blockquote>
As I headed for the exit, I could not help but notice that “Batman” had left the side of his Batmobile and was over at the Pfaff area, standing beside a Maclaren, gazing at the 911s hurtling around the closed course and wondered if he might be a little envious? Perhaps he’ll return next year as a regular consumer and buy a ticket – then settle in for the experience of a lifetime.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14105929/mclaren-tych.jpg" alt="batman georgian" />

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2016 Georgian Auto Show - Driving Innovation Forward

Getty Images - Credit: Vittoriano Rastelli / Contributor

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IT was in 2015 that the Consulate General of Italy, the Istituto Italiano di Cultura, the Department of Italian Studies (University of Toronto) and L’Altra Italia – ARIO came up with the idea of showcasing important Italian cultural icons. The intent was to speak to and demonstrate the important contributions made by living Italians to the world and the impact from their presence. This planned series of events was named “Italy Inspires Canada” and last November 2015 the first in a series of lectures showcasing Italy at the forefront of science, art and technology took place.

The inaugural event featured Captain Samantha Cristoforetti – the very first Italian female astronaut and the first Italian woman of the European Space Agency flight team. To date, she is the astronaut who has spent the most time in space in a single voyage as a crew member of Futura – 200 days, returning to Earth in June 2015.

The next invited speaker was the visionary Italian automobile designer, some might say legendary Giorgetto Giugiaro – the man responsible for some of the most memorable and even iconic designs the industry has seen from one prolific individual. In 1999 Giugiaro was named Car Designer of the Century and in 2002, was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame.
<div class="quote-text">

"The man was, is, a legend".

</div>
To be clear, Giugiaro’s talents as a designer went well beyond fast, forward-thinking vehicles including concept cars and production models. He was also an acclaimed international industrial designer who successfully turned his unique talent to many disparate arenas – including designing the perfect pasta; iconic bodies for single lens reflex cameras; and, even tires and office furniture.

The man was, is, a legend.

Introduced to a rapt and eagerly receptive audience during a brief synopsis of his career by Paul Deutschman, a gentlemen who has also enjoyed great success as a car designer in Canada and one of Giugiaro’s “pupils”, Giugiaro held the audience in the palm of his hand as he spoke softly in a matter of fact manner regarding some of his greatest achievements. An evening to remember, to be sure. Too short, by half.

However, the next day we had the great good fortune to sit down and talk with the man, one-on-one about his life, his accomplishments and of course, his cars.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/gmc-interior-designer-unveils-2017-acadia-at-cias-2016/">GMC interior designer unveils 2017 Acadia at CIAS 2016</a></blockquote>
For the purposes of this interview, Goffredo Baduini, a trusted colleague of Giugiaro these past 12 years handled all translation comfortably, occasionally finishing Giugiaro’s thoughts and sentences like a couple who worked together and are completely at ease and comfortable with one another. Theirs is a bond of trust and yes, deep-rooted respect and friendship.

I suspect that Giugiaro’s command of the English language is likely quite good yet it’s in his native tongue he is most comfortable. His voice reminds of a young De Niro playing Vito Corleone in Godfather II. You cannot help but listen – and hear every word, every nuance – even though I speak not a word of his language. Such is the power of the man.

So began a far-reaching chat where this gregarious yet optimistically cautious gentleman, in an impeccably tailored jacket, pressed jeans, loafers and a crisp white shirt held court in a respectful, friendly and informative manner over strong, hot Italian espresso in a private room. There were no conditions, no arranged and cleared agenda to this morning so we waded right in.

wheels.ca: You have had great success as an automobile designer during your 60 year career, initially with <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/2016-fiat-500x-review/">Fiat</a>, then Bertone, Ghia and finally your own esteemed shop, Italdesign. During this time, you worked with all the world’s major automobile manufacturers – with one notable exception – <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/2016-honda-civic-review/">Honda</a>. What happened? Why nothing for Honda?

Giugiaro: (chuckling and smiling broadly) Well, that’s easy to answer. I said, “No!” I made the error of youth and said, “No, I’m too busy: I’m overwhelmed. Thank you!” Of course what I should have said was “Yes, of course!” and then the details of scheduling could have eventually been ironed out. I regret this. Over the years, Honda and their management team never seemed to forgive my youthful, foolish response, perhaps took offense and never extended a second invitation. Never again after that did I refuse anyone!

wheels.ca: Amazing energy. Drive. Artistic background. A flair. A vision. Automotive, of course. You have a unique gift and have designed cars some of which have stood the test of time, yet you have also diversified. Nikon and camera bodies and Barilla pasta. How do you differentiate between sheet metal and semolina flour?

Giugiaro: (laughing out loud) The principals of design remain the same – regardless of the business. My Father, an artist – an oil painter, believed that although I did have natural artistic ability, I should become a better more rounded artist – a designer. I should go to technical school and become someone who could draw more than portraits. My Father wanted me to not only paint or draw a table, but to understand everything about it – and then build it. He wanted me to be the best at whatever I did.

I could execute ideas, visions. I became a sponge. I learned as much as I could. I became the project.
<div class="quote-text">

"My Father wanted me to not only paint or draw a table, but to understand everything about it – and then build it. He wanted me to be the best at whatever I did."

</div>
For pasta, I learned about making the pasta itself, the balance of ingredients, the best semolina flour – everything. I studied molds for shape. I needed to understand how the best shaped pasta could handle being prepared and how it reacted under different conditions – such as with a cream-based or tomato sauce.

Pretty much the same was true with car design. The common denominator is a focal point. Everything revolves around that. It’s a general design principle – regardless of the industry – or product. What is the functionality of the end object? I became a more disciplined designer as a result. So determined was my Father in my succeeding that although I worked during the day, when I went to school at night and studied – he came with me to ensure I continued to learn!

wheels.ca: You designed the Volkswagen Golf – or Rabbit as it is known in North America. As a production vehicle, this was one of your greatest successes, correct?

Giugiaro: Yes. I was 32 years old and invited to work with a series of German engineers. I knew little of them, and they knew less of me. I was being observed, every move scrutinized as I was quite young for this task. They were always questioning everything I did – because that’s what they felt they had to do. They did not understand why a designer wanted to know how they bended metal or was their tool and die process different? They did not expect these questions. This was what my Father wanted.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14072907/Vw_golf_1_v_sst.jpg" alt="golf giugiaro" />

wheels.ca: So initially, due to your age, credibility was an issue?

Giugiaro: They were embarrassed. How did I understand? How did I know? Still today, automotive students do not learn all facets of design in school. They are either designers or engineers. Not designers who understand engineering. Remember, my Father pushed me to be better. To do better. Much like my Grandfather likely did before with my Father.

wheels.ca: So, to the point made earlier, this is why even today, although the path is faster, it takes an unusually long time for a car to be built, even a “one off” from the drawing board to the computer, models – there are so many processes and procedures to follow.

Giugiaro: Back in the day, when we designed a concept vehicle, we could render and build one in months – without the involvement of multiple committees. I knew what was required – and I built it. I wanted cars created with this vision. But it had to be feasible. My time at Fiat was really four more years of university. All part of my continuing studies. I needed to learn. I still do.
<div class="quote-text">

"My time at Fiat was really four more years of university. All part of my continuing studies. I needed to learn. I still do."

</div>
wheels.ca: What was the first project you ever did that was automotive related?

Giugiaro: Ah… when I joined Fiat, they gave me wheels to design. Wheels. Engineers were designing the cars. Their drawings lacked detail, definition. No shadow. No life. No reflections. I designed the wheels that made everything else appear lifeless! Why? I understood what was involved. What was needed – and I rendered them with chalk. I then did my own design. Nuccio Bertone took my drawings and sold them to Alfa Romeo. Apparently, I passed the test and my drawings were for their Alfa Romeo 2000.

wheels.ca: Early on, your concept cars had amazing fluidity. Yet, production drawings and cars are less flowing – more practical. Why such a difference? Did you feel frustrated?

Giugiaro: Ha! It comes down to money – and time. Always. Mostly money – and, of course, reality. Constraints were greater. Demands greater. Production cars were built for a purpose – not necessarily for fun. They were practical. Of course, my concepts could be built – remember my background – but in most cases, there was neither the demand – nor the appetite to do so. How many cars can we build – and sell?

Back then, windshields were totally different. Windshields were cylindrical. I wanted spherical. This could not happen. (At this time, Giugiaro asked for a piece of paper and began to sketch – a windshield, a car’s roofline and began to talk about rain channels – how they were – what they became.) Eventually materials and machinery changed. More became possible and practical. Audi for example kept looking for perfection. They wanted live edges.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14081347/giugiaro-tych.jpg" alt="giugiaro" />

In the 70s, I came to the US. Cars were made in a different way than Europe. Very different. Not better, just… different. Today, with continued advances in technology, systems have become more standard the world over.

It’s all about vision. Seeing beyond. Using your imagination. Pushing boundaries. Some concept designs were well before their time.

Remember, no matter the assignment, esthetics can always be created. Functionality is always greater. Back in 1978, we revolutionized transport with “taller” vehicles – the Lancia Megamma – who knew this would be forerunner to SUVs?

wheels.ca: With such an enormous body of work in the automotive and industrial design fields, which projects are you most proud? The Golf? The Fiat Uno? The Fiat Panda? How about the DeLorean DMC12?

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14074931/Delorean_DMC-12_side1.jpg" alt="delorean" />

Giugiaro: (smiling broadly and clapping his hands together) All of them! Every project is a favourite. Not one specific. I’m proud of them all. Truly. As soon as a new commission comes in, we move on. We live for the creative moment. It’s all about fulfilling and meeting objectives – no matter what anyone says.

So there you have it. The man and his amazing mind. Pretty much a perfect diplomat even in semi-retirement. I joked that perhaps political office was calling hence retirement and selling Italdesign to Volkswagen and Audi. Not at all. He was, and is his own man. Remember, this is the man who refused Honda. His rules. His company.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14074609/Bugatti-EB_112_mp104_pic_16434.jpg" alt="bugatti eb112" />

At the end of it all, as I was leaving, he took out a blue Staetdler pencil to sign and authenticate his earlier sketch, leaned in and rasped, “Bugatti EB112.” That was his absolute favourite design over everything. A car. In fact, two were built. Rumour had it one was intended for him. He confirmed this was not the case, smiled graciously, turned away, adjusted the cuffs of his jacket, preparing himself for the rest of another productive day.

There is no real retirement in sight for this gentleman.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14074635/Signed-sketch-by-Giorgetto-Giugiaro1.jpg" alt="giugiaro sketch" />
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/four-door-luxury-italian-style/">Four-door luxury Italian style</a></blockquote>
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Sitting down with a legend – Giorgetto Giugiaro

IMG_7549

JASPER, Alberta – When Ford Canada determined that they would launch the 2017 Ford Escape in the heart of the Canadian Rockies, they must have been quite confident that the refreshed/redesigned (potato/potahto) crossover would be more than capable of holding its own against the stunning vistas and backdrops and the magnificence of nature – including spring forays of curious wildlife to the sides of roads under the watchful and seemingly omnipresent presence of forestry personnel.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10061957/20160509_180048_resized.jpg" alt="bear jasper" />

Turns out, they had reason to smile and share this, the fourth generation Escape. After driving close to 1,000 kilometres within a 24-hour period, it might be safe to offer a tip of the hat to the teams of engineers, product planners and designers involved with this latest iteration.

According to Greg Watkins, Product Marketing Manager (SUVs) at Ford Motor Company, Canadians continue to love our UVs – sport utility or crossover – and in the CUV market segment, some 700,000 were sold in Canada alone in 2015. In this country, the Escape has enjoyed its earned status as the segment leader, moving some 47,726 units last year alone. Watkins stated that the volume of crossovers sold last year represents 33% of all vehicles sold in Canada – and by 2020, the expectation is that crossovers will account for 40%.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10062014/IMG_7522.jpg" alt="2017 ford escape" />

Competition in this category continues to grow. In 2015 there were 25 vehicles that fell under the crossover category and the Escape enjoys a margin of over 5,000 units compared to its closest competition, <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/toyota-brings-a-hybrid-to-the-rav4-lineup/" target="_blank">Toyota RAV4</a>. Interestingly enough, examination of year-over-year sales between calendar 2015 and 2014, the once mighty Escape has seen overall volume drop by some 8.6%.

Is this as a result of complacency – or marked improvements by competitors? One suspects the latter, and that is likely a contributing factor to the changes on the 2017 model.

Ultimately, the buying public will make that decision, and like as not, the common denominator for any marque’s continued success may come down to one factor: what will the monthly payment be?

So how has Ford, specifically the Escape, risen to the challenge from their competition – perceived and otherwise?

While as noted there may be some who refer to this model year as a redesign, in truth it feels more like a substantial refresh.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10064920/escape-tych.jpg" alt="2017 ford escape titanium" />

As before, there are three basic levels/finishes – the S, the SE and, the Titanium. It is with the SE and Titanium we experience the biggest change: the availability of two new EcoBoost engines, a 1.5-litre, four cylinder with 179 horsepower and 177 lb.-ft. of torque or an optional 2.0-litre twin-scroll, four-cylinder turbocharged power plant generating 245 horsepower and 275 ft.-lb. of torque on the SE and the 2.0 litre iteration being standard on the Titanium trim. The entry level S, the lowest volume seller retains a 2.5 litre four cylinder engine. Greg Watkins and his team estimate that the SE with the optional turbocharged engine and AWD will be their volume seller.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/toyota-brings-a-hybrid-to-the-rav4-lineup/">Toyota brings a hybrid to the RAV4 lineup</a></blockquote>
And on that, we would concur. Our drive route from Calgary up to Jasper was, without a doubt, spectacular. The smaller EcoBoost engine, while capable, did not feel there was much left when pushed on long, steep climbs with some altitude. The 2.0 litre version performed like a champ. Before you run for the hills and demand all 2.0 litre, all the time, consider this: describe your typical every day drive. Unlikely you will be driving through mountain passes waving at black bears anytime soon – nor will most owners be towing anything of real significance. It will come down to personal preference – including fuel economy – and, as mentioned before, budget.

From the outside, the overall appearance is a little more rugged, likely with greater appeal to the diverse demographics – millennials and boomers. The front end is now more in keeping with the Ford family appearance and no longer looks adopted.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10064527/IMG_75201.jpg" alt="escape titianium" />

Inside, things have obviously improved, too. General ergonomics are more intuitive and provide the driver – and passengers – with a feeling of greater cabin space and more thought has been given to softer materials, an electronic brake, greater console space and flexibility: plus, a shift lever positioned where it should have been years ago.

The cabin had a feeling of airiness and abundant space – assisted no doubt by the crisp, spring weather experienced during our drive. Skies seemed bluer, clouds fluffier and lighter and lakes a fantastic hard-to-describe blue-green. The only shortfall were the seat cushions up front; while driving was quite comfortable and reasonably effortless, slightly longer seat cushions would have been appreciated.

<img src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/wheelsca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10062017/IMG_7526.jpg" alt="Ford escape 2017" />

Ford’s designers and engineers have obviously compared notes for the Edge and the Explorer. Further, with the continued competitive pressure being applied by Asian manufacturers pushing the value add envelope, Ford have responded quite well to the challenge.

For the 2017 model year, the Escape’s on-board technology takes a back seat to no-one. We were able to experience the debut of Sync 3 Connect – a much improved version of the often maligned MyFord Touch. Standard on the top-of-the-line Titanium trim and available with the tech Package on the SE, the new <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/ford-offers-global-sync-update-with-siri-eyes-free/">Sync 3 connectivity suite</a> has something for all users – <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/hyundai-elantra-to-offer-apple-carplay-and-android-auto/">Apple CarPlay, Android Auto</a> and the as yet unsung Fordpass app which enables an individual’s smartphone to access fuel levels, provides the user the ability to initiate a remote start, lock or unlock doors and will even track your vehicle. At present, there is no built-in Wi-Fi hotspot – an issue that Ford’s Watkins addressed, stating most smartphones have the ability to be “made” into a hotspot in a minute or two anyway.

Further tech available in the Titanium include lane keeping assist, park assist, multiple driver alerts – including identifying objects strewn on the road – and, for improved fuel economy when you pull over roadside to admire grazing bears, auto stop/start.

So, will Ford continue leading the way in this competitive category? Time and economics will tell. As a company, they have made a concerted effort to appeal to new and existing customers alike, and show a willingness to not only adapt, but innovate, too.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/2016-mazda-cx-3-review/">2016 Mazda CX-3 Review</a></blockquote>
2017 Ford Escape Titanium – with Sport package

BODY STYLE: Compact crossover utility vehicle.

DRIVE METHOD: Front-engine, with all-wheel-drive.

ENGINE: 2.0-litre twin-scroll turbocharged four cylinder engine (245 horsepower, 275 lb.-ft. of torque).

CARGO CAPACITY: 68.0 cu. ft. (behind first row) and 34.0 cu. ft. (behind second row).

FUEL ECONOMY: In the Titanium model, 91-octane fuel is recommended (premium) 11.5/8.7 L/100 km (city/highway).

PRICE: $35,999.

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An Escape to the Rockies with Ford's 2017 Escape.

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DISTILLERY DISTRICT, Toronto – What’s Powerful, Green (think Nickelodeon slime) in colour and can allegedly achieve 60mph from a standing start in 3.9 seconds? What is powered by BMW’s K1600 GT motorcycle engine and produces 160 horse-power at a spine-tingling 7,750 rpm – and yet can clock a quarter mile in 12.6 seconds? Finally, what weighs 525 kilograms, is 138 inches long, 78 inches wide and has the driver and passenger’s posteriors clearing the deck by just a few inches?

The answer?

The hand-built Campagna T-Rex 16S, a three-wheel side-by-side vehicle produced exclusively by Campagna Motors out of Montreal, Quebec.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/t-rex-tych-1.jpg" alt="Campagna t-rex" />

That’s not to say that Campagna Motors is a one-trick pony. Far from it. Completing the performance-oriented roster is the V13R – a roadster with earned attitude, powered by its Harley Davidson V-Twin engine: a muscular, open-cockpit vehicle intended for the rider who heeds the call of the highway.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/orange-t-rex-tych.jpg" alt="Campagna motors V13R" />

Let’s be clear. Campagna Motors, originally founded back in 1988 by Daniel Campagna, can lay claim as the only three-wheel, side-by-side recreational vehicles that offer exclusive design and high performance – and are completely street legal!
<div class="quote-text">
<blockquote>A car with the heart of a motorcycle!</blockquote>
</div>
To hear a simple explanation of these vehicles, co-owners since 2008, André Morissette and David Neault sum them up quite succinctly. “A car with the heart of a motorcycle!”

While three wheeler motorcycles are nothing new, most recently associated with the character Piney Winston from the television show, Sons of Anarchy, riding around on his Harley-Davidson Electra Tri-Glide (or as some refer to it, a trike), they were often viewed with some scorn by true biking enthusiasts. This machine had one wheel up front and two in the rear.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/news/insider-report-jay-leno-drives-canadian-built-campagna-v13r/">Jay Leno drives Canadian built Campagna V13R</a></blockquote>
If the idea of a trike was looked at with an evil eye, one can only imagine the derisory opinion held by critics of the Can-Am Spyder, another three-wheeler – two in front, one in the rear. However, the Spyder, especially when cornering, handles like a sled. Built by a company with tremendous experience and depth in the design and manufacture of snowmobiles – which is how many riders have described their handling ability. This machine, like Piney’s trike, could carry a passenger – but in behind the driver in the “pillion” position, something you will never have to entertain if you drive a Campagna Motors product as the passenger will be on your right hand side – just like most automobiles on the road today.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2bb1a104-9fc7-4803-86d4-75abb8ded872.jpeg" alt="campagna motors interior" />

While we are unable to comment directly on how either one of these fascinating machines drove, anecdotally they have been described as quite exhilarating.

We did hear, “Drive it like a car, but act like you’re on a motorcycle” a number of times from Campagna representatives.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/trex-tych-2.jpg" alt="t-rex" />
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/rebirth-of-a-legend-honda-africa-twin-2016/">Rebirth of a legend: Honda Africa Twin 2016</a></blockquote>
Here’s how we would translate this from the perspective of either the T-Rex or the V13R. Getting in and out of the door-less vehicles does require a little agility and flexibility – note to self – remove the steering wheel next time. Once in, it feels as if you have descended into a low-slung position (think Apollo space capsule position) – one which personally I am not comfortable since I prefer driving with less straight arms for better control. The foot pedals can be adjusted for position as can the “seat” – which really feels more like a leather sling shot harness. Looking forward, line of sight is pretty good. However, in rush hour urban traffic, “seeing” around the automobile in front would be difficult since you are really only inches from the pavement itself and you tend to be lower than anything else on the road: bear in mind, you’re pretty much at muffler level of most cars. While there are mirrors, attempting to adjust them to take into account blind spots (they do exist) you really will have to look around often to sense traffic and road conditions. This will mean sticking your head off to the side, outside the relative safety of reinforced roll bars to do so. All the while, repeat the mantra “act like you’re on a motorcycle”. In other words, you must be aware of your surroundings and the vehicle itself at all times. While deemed street legal, meaning helmets are not required, three-point seat belts are mandatory for driver and passenger – making the aforementioned head maneuver difficult – to say the least.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/14fee06a-f0ed-4ef7-a6fd-741c281c1e17.jpeg" alt="v13r" />

One more thing, since they are classified as a side-by-side vehicle, they are not considered to be a motorcycle (although powered by well-known motorcycle power plants), a G licence is the only mandatory license you will require to pilot one of these metal, carbon fibre and fibre glass rockets.

The T-Rex is geared to a younger male driving enthusiast, likely 30-55 years old, with a lust for speed, and quite possibly has enjoyed sport bikes before. With constant road feedback and responsive handling and steering including a digital instrument panel, a 180-watt four speaker Alpine sound system, ride selection, Bluetooth and other electronic amenities – all yours for $57,999.

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/5d793089-f891-452e-8074-01502f17db0e.jpeg" alt="t-rex dashboard" />

The V13R is geared to a slightly older demographic, one who has likely previously enjoyed cruising the highways and byways on a classic all-American Harley Davidson available starting from $53,999 – with a little less in the electronics that a T-Rex owner might prefer.
<div class="quote-text">

We create unique vehicles for extraordinary people

</div>
Sure to catch anyone’s eye – in a parking lot or on the open road, their unique look and engineering separate them from the conventional three-wheeler crowd. Whether the market in Ontario and points west has an appetite remains to be seen. Other than the engines, these driving machines are custom built to order, designed and engineered in Boucherville, Quebec – which explains, in part, the price tag.

As André Morissette explains it, “We create unique vehicles for extraordinary people.”

Will you be one of them?
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/car-reviews/review-bombardier-can-am-spyder-st-s/">Review: Bombardier Can-Am Spyder ST-S</a></blockquote>
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&nbsp;

Are you ready for a high-performance, side-by-side three wheeler?

shutterstock_2508863

GENERALLY speaking, although purchasing a brand new car will, for most people be the second largest purchase next to a house or condo, it’s not an acquisition that many would ever consider to be an investment – especially one that not only holds, but in some exceptional cases even exceeds its original value. Some people, if they can run a vehicle for more than 10 years consider that to be a good investment. Hard to argue with that logic, but we’re not necessarily taking that type of longevity into account here.

For example, many times over the years, self-professed car nut, Jay Leno has always made one thing very clear. As much as he appreciates cars of all kinds, he personally doesn't buy them as investments.

Having said that, however, there is one car in his multi-car garage that truly has become a one-of-a-kind. More than 20 years ago, Leno purchased a previously-owned McLaren F1 for a whopping $800,000. By all accounts, the last offer he received for the car was $12 million. Now that, in anyone’s books, is a major investment – with a way above average return!

While Leno is considered an avid collector, his garage is an eclectic display of steel, aluminum and even fiberglass and wood. Unlike other “collectors”, every vehicle in his state-of-the-art garage is intended to be driven – not admired from a distance behind velvet ropes.

Today, picking cars that will appreciate, not depreciate, is an exercise some explore willingly – and often. Less than $15,000 can buy a vehicle that provides immediate gratification before paying possible dividends down the road. Candidates are generally 15 to 20 years old, and usually available in such numbers as to keep prices low. While many show road fatigue and some certainly have deteriorated into rolling wrecks, others remain like new. These are the prizes worth searching out. Wherever possible, if you have the cash and the ability to pursue your dream, it’s best to buy a car while it’s in original condition. Wait another 10 years or so and by then they will have become candidates for restoration – which can be very expensive. A restored car is never as good as one in original condition.

So, before you start scouring ads on car-related web sites for that mint 2002 Pontiac Aztec (Walter White, you have much to answer for), settle down.

There are some cars from the 80’s and 90’s that are beginning to appreciate in value – no, not necessarily beyond their original purchase price, but interest in them has seen their cachet – and, in some cases, their present day value, rise.

These might include, but not be limited to the following.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/ten-classic-hot-hatchbacks-that-started-it-all/">Ten classic Hot Hatchbacks that started it all</a></blockquote>
Honda S2000

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-298020374.jpg" alt="Honda S2000" />betto rodrigues / Shutterstock.com

A true roadster, launched in 1999 to commemorate Honda’s 50th anniversary in 2000, the S2000. Worldwide sales through 2008 totaled just over 110,000 units. With 237hp and just 152 lb.-ft. of torque available from the 2.0-litre versions, you were hard-pressed to notice the lack of torque because of the gearing. In fact, revving is what the S2000 did best. This car could rocket all the way up to 9,000 RPMs. With a curb weight of 2,750 pounds, the S2000 could go from zero to 60 mph in 5.8 seconds.
<h3>Acura NSX</h3>
<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-283346534.jpg" alt="Acura NSX" />betto rodrigues / Shutterstock.com

This NSX became the world's first mass-produced car to feature an all-aluminum body, something Honda’s engineers had been flirting with for some time. It was powered by an all-aluminum 3.0 L V6 engine, which featured Honda's VTEC (Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control) system developed in the 1980s, a 5-speed manual or 4-speed sports shift automatic transmissions. Aluminum cars largely shrug off winter and wet and many people who purchased this relatively speaking affordable ($60,000 when introduced in 1990) supercar, would actually drive them – and hard. Marketed and viewed by many as the "everyday supercar" thanks mainly to its ease of use, quality and reliability, characteristics that were unheard of in the supercar segment at the time.
<h3>Honda CRX</h3>
<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-268164587.jpg" alt="Honda CRX" />Nykonchuk Oleksii / Shutterstock.com

This fun-to-drive front-wheel-drive sport compact hatchback car was manufactured by Honda between 1983 and 1991. It was replaced by the Honda CR-X del Sol for the 1992 model year. Although there are many supposed definitions for the acronym CR-X, the most widely accepted are "Civic rally cross", and "Civic renaissance model X". The CRX legend (as an affordable, fuel-efficient, sporty and fairly good-looking auto) didn't materialize until mid-1985, with the arrival of the Si. The highly- optioned, port fuel-injected screamer used its 91hp to hit 60 in 8.5 seconds. What’s not to like?
<h3>BMW 3 series (E30)</h3>
<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-301354208.jpg" alt="BMW E30" />Art Konovalov / Shutterstock.com

The BMW E30 is a compact executive car produced by BMW from 1982 to 1993. The initial models used the 2-door sedan body style, and in following years the 4-door sedan, convertible and estate (station wagon in North America) body styles were added. The E30 models were powered by a range of 4-cylinder and straight-6 engines. In its day, the BMW E30 3-Series was the ride of choice for upwardly-mobile status seekers as a symbol of having “arrived”. Today, it has a different demographic: track day enthusiasts looking for an inexpensive, classic-looking, fun, easily-fixable and practical rear-drive performance car for throwing around the corners of your local track.
<blockquote>ALSO READ: <a href="http://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/5-classic-sleeper-sedans-to-watch-out-for/">5 Classic Sleeper Sedans to watch out for</a></blockquote>
Porsche 911

<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-3182103081.jpg" alt="Porsche 911" />Darren Brode / Shutterstock.com

Now we’re getting into true classic cars - the Porsche 911. A two-door, 2+2 high-performance sports car made since 1963 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. Loved by many aficionados and coveted by a few, this shape-defined rear-mounted six-cylinder boxer engine and all round independent suspension made an impression from the day it hit showroom floors. Likely still one of the most popular aspirational autos of all time, it has undergone continuous development, though the basic concept has remained little changed. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the Type 996 in 1998, with Porsche's "993" series, produced in model years 1995-1998, being the last of the air-cooled Porsches.

The 911 Carrera RS (1973 and 1974), the 1973 Porsche 911 Carrera RS and the Porsche 911 Carrera RS 2.7 retro are often considered by true enthusiasts of precision German engineering to be the most "classic" 911s. RS stands for Rennsport in German, meaning “race sport”.
<h3>Nissan Skyline (R32, R33, R34)</h3>
<img src="https://d3odfdcwc42kff.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/shutterstock-2508863.jpg" alt="Nissan Skyline R32" />

Peter Albrektsen / Shutterstock.com

The Nissan Skyline is a line of compact cars, sports cars and compact executive cars originally produced by the Prince Motor Company in 1957, and then by Nissan after the two companies merged in 1966. While not distributed in the United States until its importation as the Infiniti G series, the Skyline's prominence in adult-oriented video games, movies and magazines resulted in an auto legend being established for performance automobiles even before many such cars were imported to North America. The majority of Skyline models are rear-wheel drive, with four-wheel drive being available since the eighth-generation's debut. The R32, was the original, the vehicle of lore that started it all. No airbags and the lightest of the three. The R33 had better electronics and a more rigid chassis. The R34 had the best aerodynamics (front and rear underfloor diffusers on V-Spec models), the most modern interior including the seats – and the most rigid chassis.

So there you have it; a handful of cars that are being appreciated more today than ever before. One thing all these vehicles have in common – every single one of them – was and is expected to be driven, not pinned and placed under glass like some unfortunate, long-forgotten specimen.

All prices are expressed in US dollars.

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David Taylor

Articles by David Taylor